摘 要：SP小沖桿試驗(yàn)法在力學(xué)測試中得到了廣泛的發(fā)展和應(yīng)用。用SP試驗(yàn)法測得的小試樣的載荷-位移-試樣厚度變化曲線，通過類比分析以及半解析相結(jié)合的方法可以計(jì)算材料的特征常數(shù)：屈服極限、強(qiáng)度極限、斷裂韌性、轉(zhuǎn)變溫度和蠕變特性，并且從大量的試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)、理論模型和有限元計(jì)算模型來看，SP試驗(yàn)法測得的結(jié)果與相應(yīng)的大尺寸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)力學(xué)測試方法得到的數(shù)據(jù)有著直接的對(duì)應(yīng)和轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系。介紹了該試驗(yàn)方法的試驗(yàn)技術(shù)、分析方法、研究進(jìn)展及其應(yīng)用，并分析了該試驗(yàn)方法目前所存在的一些問題。
關(guān)鍵詞：小沖桿試驗(yàn)法；性能測試；材料常數(shù)；斷裂韌性；蠕變特性
中圖分類號(hào)：O346.1+2， TH871.4 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A
文章編號(hào)：1672-4984（2008）01-0010-05
Research and problems of small punch test method
ZHANG Xiao-liang1，2， WANG Zhao-xi2
（1.School of Electromechanical Engineering，Beijing Polytechnic College，Beijing 100042，China；
2.Department of Engineering Mechanics，Qinghua University，Beijing 100084，China）
Abstract: Small punch（SP） test method has been developed and applied widely in mechanical testing. With the SP test method. Variety curve about load-displacement-sample of miniaturized specimens had been gained. Characteristic constant of material could be gained by analogism and analytic method. Such as bended limit， intensity limit， rupture toughness， transition temperature， creeppage characteristic. The results from SP method and from standard test method were related together with the detailed experimental results and the theory models. Problems， methods， development and application about the standard SP test device were discussed.
Key words: Small punch； Capability testing； Constant of material； Rupture toughnes; Creeppage characteristic
